Vijay Kumar Chattu
1,2,3* 
, Bawa Singh
4 , Sanjay Pattanshetty
5 , Srikanth Reddy
6,7 1 Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
2 United Nations University- Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS), 8000 Brugge, Belgium
3 Center for Evidence-Based Diplomacy, Global Health Research and Innovations Canada (GHRIC), Toronto, ON, Canada
4 Department of South and Central Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-India
5 Department of Global Health Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
6 School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
7 Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
Abstract
The World Health Organisation (WHO) emphasizes that equitable access to safe and affordable medicines is vital to attaining the highest possible standard of health by all. Ensuring equitable access to medicines (ATM) is also a key narrative of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as SDG 3.8 specifies “access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all” as a central component of universal health coverage (UHC). The SDG 3.b emphasizes the need to develop medicines to address persistent treatment gaps. However, around 2 billion people globally have no access to essential medicines, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. The states’ recognition of health as a human right obligates them to ensure access to timely, acceptable, affordable health care. While ATM is inherent in minimizing the treatment gaps, global health diplomacy (GHD) contributes to addressing these gaps and fulfilling the state’s embracement of health as a human right.