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Health Promot Perspect. 2020;10(2): 152-161.
doi: 10.34172/hpp.2020.25
PMID: 32296629
PMCID: PMC7146038
Scopus ID: 85084391644
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Original Article

The association of maternal plant-based diets and the growth of breastfed infants

Elnaz Daneshzad 1 ORCID logo, Maedeh Moradi 2, Mohammad R Maracy 3, Neil R. Brett 4, Nick Bellissimo 4, Leila Azadbakht 1,2,5*

1 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5 Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding Author: Leila Azadbakht, Email:, Email: azadbakhtleila@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Studies are needed to further understand how different plant-based dietary patterns of mothers relate to infant growth. Thus, we investigated the association between maternal plant-based diets and infant growth in breastfed infants during the first 4 months of life.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 290 Iranian mothers and infants. Maternal dietary intake was assessed using a 168-question validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Three plant-based diet indices (PDIs) were then created to evaluate dietary intakes. Eighteen food groups were classified in three main categories by scoring method: wholeplant diet, healthy plant diet, and animal and unhealthy plant diet.

Results: Participants in the top tertile of unhealthy PDI (uPDI) had a lower intake of potassium,phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, calcium, folate and vitamin C, B1, B2, and B3. The upper tertileof uPDI was associated with stunting at 4-month in infants (uPDI: odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95%CI= 1.32, 8.10). There were no significant associations between plant-based diet scores and anthropometric indices, including weight, weight status and head circumference (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, higher adherence to uPDI may be associated with stuntingamong Iranian infants. Other PDIs were not associated with anthropometric measures. Future studies are needed to further understand the association between plant-based diets and infant growth.

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Submitted: 15 Jun 2019
Accepted: 01 Dec 2019
ePublished: 30 Mar 2020
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