Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Health Promotion Perspectives 2228-6497 10 3 2020 07 12 Personality traits, dieting self-efficacy and health behaviors in emerging adult women: implications for health promotion and education 230 237 10.34172/hpp.2020.36 EN Małgorzata Obara-Gołębiowska https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-4365 Justyna Michałek-Kwiecień https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-2381 Journal Article 10.34172/hpp.2020.36 2020 03 04 2020 04 25 Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between personality traits and dieting self-efficacy as well as health behaviors among emerging adult women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 161 participants in age from19 to 25 years, who were administered the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory, the Health BehaviorsInventory (HBI), and the Dieting Self-Efficacy Scale (DIET-SE). Results: Our findings indicated that personality traits explained both health behaviors and dieting self-efficacy (F = 6.21, df = 5,155, P<0.001, F = 6.42, df = 5,155, P<0.001, respectively).Neuroticism (B = -0.45, P<0.01) and agreeableness (B = 0.39, P<0.01) were investigated as significant predictors of females’ health behaviors, whereas extraversion (B = -0.40, P<0.001),agreeableness (B = 0.20, P<0.05), and conscientiousness (B = 0.33, P<0.01) were related to dieting self-efficacy. In addition, the results suggested the mediational effect of dieting self efficacy in the relationship between personality traits (i.e., consciousness and agreeableness)and general health behaviors. Conclusion: The role of personality traits for dieting self-efficacy as well as physical health among emerging adult women was confirmed. As dieting self-efficacy turned out to be a mediation factor, the findings may be used in psychoeducation for patients.